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During what years was Pontius Pilate governor of Judea. His term of office was during the subsequent reign of Tiberius from 26-36 CE. That is just a bit of Roman humor. The earliest extant legendary biography is the De Pilato of c.1050, with three further Latin versions appearing in the mid-twelfth century, followed by many vernacular translations. Pontius Pilate is a mysterious and controversial figure . [69] She argues that "[i]t is not only possible but quite likely that Pilate's governorship contained many such brief outbreaks of trouble about which we know nothing. [240] In the Wakefield plays, Pilate is portrayed as wickedly evil, describing himself as Satan's agent (mali actoris) while plotting Christ's torture so as to extract the most pain. In Roman-occupied Judea, Claudia Lucretia Pilate, daughter of the governor Pontius Pilate, is not happy with her father's choice of husband for her - the handsome Roman Tribune Marcus Gaius Sejanus, who has been assigned the task of ridding Palestine of the troublesome Zealots. Flavius Josephus. [106] The fragmentary nature of the inscription has led to some disagreement about the correct reconstruction, so that "apart from Pilate's name and title the inscription is unclear. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Still others believe Pontius Pilate's fate involved his conversion to Christianity and subsequent canonization. [81][82] All four gospels also mention that Pilate had the custom of releasing one captive in honor of the Passover festival; this custom is not attested in any other source. [163][164] In the Mors Pilati (perhaps originally 6th century, but recorded c.1300 CE),[165] Pilate was forced to commit suicide and his body thrown in the Tiber. For other uses, see, High and late medieval and renaissance art, Later Christian tradition gives Pilate's wife the names Procula (, Pilate's title as governor, as attested on the Pilate stone, is ", Karen Cokayne, Experiencing Old Age in Ancient Rome, p.100, Roman Procurator coinage Pontius Pilate, List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources, https://library.brown.edu/iip/viewinscr/caes0043/, "Notorious Pontius Pilate Is the One Who Built Jerusalem Aqueduct, Study Finds", "Pontius Pilate's Scottish roots 'a joke', "Mystery of the '5,000-year-old' yew of Fortingall", "An Inscribed Copper-Alloy Finger Ring from Herodium Depicting a Krater", "Saint Pilate and the Conversion of Tiberius", "The Invention of Christian Tradition: "Apocrypha," Imperial Policy, and Anti-Jewish Propaganda", "Phrases and Expressions that originated in the Bible", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontius_Pilate&oldid=1142261817, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Italian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 12:07. Supposedly, his name was changed in Pontus to Pontius Pilate and he was eventually appointed the sixth governor or procurator of Judea by Sejanus, a favorite of the Roman emperor Tiberius. Pilate's Life [287], The main ancient sources on Pilate offer very different views on his governorship and personality. [92], According to Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (18.4.12), Pilate's removal as governor occurred after Pilate slaughtered a group of armed Samaritans at a village called Tirathana near Mount Gerizim, where they hoped to find artifacts that had been buried there by Moses. Josephus tells us that in order to abolish Jewish laws, and with the intent of diminishing privileges Jews had hitherto enjoyed, Pilate ordered his troops to encamp in Jerusalem and sent them into the city with images of the emperor attached to their ensigns. [156], Seven of the Pilate texts mention Pilate's fate after the crucifixion: in three, he becomes a very positive figure, while in four he is presented as diabolically evil. Judging by this story, his wife seems to have travelled with him. This reference has been variously interpreted as referring to one of the incidents recorded by Josephus, or to an entirely unknown incident. He could also be a Samnite by origin, because the name Pontius could come from the Pontii family, belonging to the Italian people of the Samnites (central Italy). By the 2nd century AD, the so-called "Acts of Pilate" document began to circulate among Christians. He is famous for crucifying the Christ, and many dramatic interpretations have tried to discern what sort of a man he was. 27:65-66). Pontius Pilate washed his hands of the issue regarding Christ's crucifixion because he did not believe Jesus to be guilty of any crime worthy of execution, yet Pilate permitted the punishment solely because the riotous mob the Pharisees and their leaders had formed needed to be quelled. 1887, p. 202. after Pilate's deposition, he himself became ruler of Judaea. What happened to Pontius Pilate after the death of the Lord Jesus Christ? [64][65] Bond dates the incident to 31, sometime after Sejanus's death in 17 October. [257] Because he betrayed his desire to follow his morality and free Jesus, Pilate must suffer for eternity. Antiquities of the Jews 18.3.3. [168] This connection to Mount Pilatus is attested from 1273 CE onwards, while Lake Lucerne has been called "Pilatus-See" (Pilate Lake) beginning in the fourteenth century. [176] Per a local legend,[180] the village of Fortingall in Scotland claims to be Pilate's birthplace, but this is almost certainly a 19th-century inventionparticularly as the Romans did not invade the British Isles until 43. "[288] This, combined with the general lack of information on Pilate's long time in office, has resulted in a wide range of assessments by modern scholars. . As a result, he is sent as a hostage to Rome, where he kills another hostage. [137] The earliest attestation of a positive tradition about Pilate comes from the late first-, early second-century Christian author Tertullian, who, claiming to have seen Pilate's report to Tiberius, states Pilate had "become already a Christian in his conscience. [185] He is, however, entirely absent from the earliest Christian art; all images postdate the emperor Constantine and can be classified as early Byzantine art. Others suggest that he was executed during the reign of Emperor Nero. [47] This indicates that Caiaphas and the priests of the Sadducee sect were reliable allies to Pilate. The emperor in Rome is suffering from a terrible disease at this time, and hearing of Christ's healing powers, sends for him only to learn from Saint Veronica that Christ has been crucified, but she possesses a cloth with the image of his face. Tradition states that her name was Claudia Procula. This document, allegedly derived from Pilate's own records, says that he and his wife became believers in Jesus. Herod's sons then threatened to petition the emperor, an action which Pilate feared that would expose the crimes he had committed in office. Some traditions assert that after he committed suicide, his body was thrown into the Tiber River. Herodias left Herod Philip to marry his half-brother Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea. [23] In the Gospels of Mark and John, Pilate is only called by his cognomen, which Marie-Joseph Ollivier takes to mean that this was the name by which he was generally known in common speech. Why would he cave to demands to crucify a man he had proclaimed innocent? Despite their different cultures and positions, love blossoms despite themselves. Eusebius records the following for us, It is worthy of note that Pilate himself, who was governor in the time of our Savior, is reported to have fallen into such misfortunes under Caius, whose times we are recording, that he was forced to become his own murderer and executioner; and thus divine vengeance, as it seems, was not long in overtaking him. Truth is whatever you decide it is, whatever is most pragmatic, kind of like throwing darts at the wall and drawing targets around them. He also finds historical the information that their relationship mended following the execution of Jesus. They wanted Jesus dead. [8] Coins that he minted have survived from Pilate's governorship, as well as a single inscription, the so-called Pilate stone. Eusebius reported that Pontius Pilate committed suicide during the reign of Caius or Emperor Caligula. Gerizim. [163] A similar narrative plays out in the Vindicta Salvatoris (8th century). According to Josephus (Ant, XVIII, iv, 2) Pilate held office in Judea for 10 years. He eventually becomes a Christian himself. [58] She dates this incident to early in Pilate's tenure as governor. [181], Pilate was also the subject of legends in Eastern Christianity. 11. There he lives happily as a farmer and is looked after by his daughter, but suffers from gout and obesity and broods over his time as governor of Judaea. The insurrection in which Barabbas was caught up, if historical, may well be another example. In addition to Mainz, Bamberg, Hausen, Upper Franconia were also claimed to be his place of birth, while some traditions place his death in the Saarland. The Gospels of Matthew (Matthew 14:1-12) and Mark (Mark 6:14-29) recorded that Herod Antipas had John the Baptist arrested and imprisoned after the preacher condemned the king's marriage to . [285] Parts of the dialogue attributed to Pilate in the Gospel of John have become particularly famous sayings, especially quoted in the Latin version of the Vulgate. [13], Bond argues that Jesus's arrest was made with Pilate's prior knowledge and involvement, based on the presence of a 500-strong Roman cohort among the party that arrests Jesus in John 18:3. Protected by Sejanus, Pilate incurred the enmity of Jews in Roman-occupied Palestine by insulting their religious sensibilities, as when he hung worship images of the emperor throughout Jerusalem and had coins bearing pagan religious symbols minted. What sort of a ruler was he generally? This article was most recently revised and updated by, Historical and traditional accounts of the life of Pontius Pilate, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pontius-Pilate, World History Encyclopedia - Pontius Pilate, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - Pontius Pilate, Sagrada Famlia: sculpture of Pontius Pilate. At some point in 36 AD, a group of Samaritans from Samaria, who were followers of another messiah there, most likely called Dositheos, had begun excavating Mount Gerizim in the belief that they would find riches and artifacts there associated with the Hebrew prophet Moses. Pontius Pilate, governor of Judea, King Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, and Perea, one of Herod the Great's sons. He was appointed prefect of Judaea through the intervention of Sejanus, a favourite of the Roman emperor Tiberius. Pilate is taken as a prisoner with her to Rome to be judged, but every time the emperor sees Pilate to condemn him, his anger dissipates. 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