citabria glide ratio

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Also, there is no thrust to move the aircraft. A glider improves its glide ratio relative to the earth by speeding up if there is a headwind, or a downdraft. Intended as a lower-priced competitor to the Piper Super Cub, Mehlhaff sees it as a utility aircraft, whether it be on floats or skis, and as a glider tug aircraft. The cross-section of the metal fuselage truss is triangular, a design feature which can be traced back to the earliest Aeronca C-2 design of the late 1920s. The plane is now EXACTLY as buoyant as it was before. Further improvements to the 7GCBC include use of the heftier front wing strut from a Decathlon, which is attached to the wing with a beefed-up end fitting. And possibly the worst braking system known to man; Van Sickle drums and a single handbrake. This just doesnt seem to jive. They also now manufacture the Citabria Adventure and the Citabria Explorer. So what does all this gibberish mean, right? SAVE Last Update: 02/24/2023. $85,500 Reg# N8552V TT: 2408; Performance Specs. The glide ratio is based only on the relationship of the aerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft. Well I stuck my neck out on this one. THE ONLY THING WEIGHT DOES IS BRING THE PLANE DOWN THE GLIDE PATH AT A FASTER RATE. An "Ultimate Adventure" version, with a Superior Vantage O-360-A3A2 engine of 180 horsepower (130kW) and a composite propeller, is also produced by American Champion. The SGS 1-26 enjoyed a very long production run from its first flight in 1954 until 1979, when production was ended. Our FLSC Pegasus is a B model that has a carbon fiber main spar, It is good to know what your "best" glide ratio is, such as most single engine training airplanes are in the 9:1 glide ratio. American Champion Aircraft Corporation acquired the Decathlon design, along with the 8GCBC Scout and the group of Citabria and Champ variants, in 1990, bringing the Super Decathlon version back into production that same year. Or is the extra drag just neglected in the calculation? We purchased it from Doug Cline in 2019. Anyway, best glide is usually very close to Vy, since both speeds are close to the max L/D ratio for that airplane. (if I could put a figure in here I would draw out the vector relationship). Landing Distance over 50-ft. This is a question I was asked a few days ago, and I cant find the correct answer. But a lovely bird. Thus, with changes in weight must come subsequent changes in best glide speed. The glide ratio varies with air speed, but there is a maximum value which is frequently quoted. Usually Citabria-like aircraft weigh what the factory said, give or take here and there. Arrow is famous for a safe glide ratio - glides like a safe. Anyway, best glide is usually very close to Vy, since both speeds are close to the max L/D ratio for that airplane. The winds would have to be factored in as well. American Champion Citabria 7ECA Technical Specifications Exterior Exterior Height: 7 ft 7 in Wing Span: 33 ft 6 in Length: 22 ft 1 in Interior Cabin Height: 3 ft 11 In Cabin Width: 2 ft 6 In Cabin Length: 8 ft 10 In Occupancy Crew: 1 Passengers: 2 Operating Weights Max T/O Weight: 1750 Lb Empty Weight: 1120 Lb Fuel Capacity: 35 Lb An extremely expensive, highly competitive glider today can have a 60:1 glide ratio. In fact, the Citabria is approved for 10 aerobatic maneuvers. [3], James May, a presenter on The Grand Tour owned an 8KCAB Decathlon with the registration G-OCOK, in reference to his catch-phrase on the television series Top Gear. With no other changes the plane starts too fall. SECOND THE SPEED VARIABLE: I know the AOA did not change. Though the Decathlon went out of production within a decade of its introduction, this was not due to any fault in the design, but rather to the slump in general aviation in the United States at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. Someone on the internet gave a Vbg of 135MPH for a total glide time of 60 * (6/135) = 2 minutes 40 . Most Citabrias were built with wooden spars. Just as when you are under power. I do most every landing with engine idle, so I obviously know the drill. Gliding Distance is given by. Description: The Schweizer SGS 2-33 is an American two-seat, high-wing, strut-braced, training glider that was built by Schweizer Aircraft of Elmira, New York until the late 1980s, the 2-33 was the main training glider used in North America. So tell me (Jim and Paul) what is the AoA for my Citabria or C172 ? tan(glide angle)=alt/distance. 1. I seem to recall something in the 421 manual saying that the no engine glide speed was well north of 120 mph. The model 7ECA Citabria entered production at Champion in 1964. An orificed one-way check valve allows a minimum of fuel to be vented overboard during negative G aerobatic maneuvers. ? the glide ratio is independent of the weight or mass of the aircraft. $10.00. What else should I plan for, in checking this? Perhaps I am to understand that angle of attack stays the same in best glide, Try to run your car at 75% power and see how long it lasts. I used the following estimates. It was substantially similar to the 7GCAA of the same year, with a Lycoming O-320-A2B engine of 150 horsepower (110kW), wood-spar wings, and spring steel main gear legs. My [flying club's] M20J is about 13:1 a 172 is about 9:1. And, on a side note, do any of you happen to know the glide ratio for a 7GCAA? The engine was replaced with a Lycoming IO-320-E2A of 150 horsepower (110kW), while a header tank of 1.5 gallonslocated beneath the instrument panelwas added to the fuel system. The DA40 can do about 11:1 at lower altitudes, and gets better the higher you go (true of any airplane, due to higher TAS at altitude maintaining Vg IAS). This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 14:52. a 7 deg angle (glide path) gets you 1366 feet less ~ I do read that best glide is a specific angle of attack for a given aircraft but again, the angle of attack is not the same as angle of glide. If two aircraft have the same L/D ratio but different weights and start a glide from the same altitude, the heavier aircraft gliding at a higher airspeed will arrive at the same touchdown point in a shorter time. Ceiling: 17,000. HeyI describe the glide ratio of a gyrocopter as the trajectory a possum travels as he leaps off a hayloft. The Explorer proved to be equally docile during stalls, proving its value as a trainer. Agree, especially if you mean the hershey bar variety. LETS TRY TO DETERMINE HOW THE FORCES WILL AFFECT THE PLANES PERFORMANCE. altitude) have no effect on the glide ratio. Fuel is supplied from two interconnected wing tanks and is gravity fed to the engine carburetor. Range: 500 miles. The 7GCBA (ag spray plane) is certified to 2400lbs (I admit I know nothing about it's structure). Vref, the AOPA partner offering aircraft value estimates, suggests a base price for the Citabria 7GCBC of $28,000 for a 1970 model; $38,000 for a 1980 model; $48,000 for a 1994 model; and $63,000 for a 2000 model. Reduce power but maintain altitude, reduce power some more, maintain altitude. 91 or F.A.R 135. 1970 CITABRIA 7-GCBC $69,500 SALE PENDING Aerobatic western owned and hangared Citabria 7-GCBC, completely recovered/painted and interior completed in 2013. [2] It was a parasol winged monoplane, with a revised wing section and a longer fuselage. Best glide ratio is the most optimal - the highest - one. Why? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. American Champion has been using aluminum spars in the aircraft it has produced and has, as well, made the aluminum-spar wings available for retrofit installation on older aircraft. Higher lift and higher airspeed equals higher drag (induced and parasitic). . Introduced in 1965, the Champion 7GCAA, like the 7ECA, featured wood-spar wings and oleo-shock main gear. Fuel Burn at 75% power in standard conditions per hour. Which airplane will arrive first to the ground? Merry Christmas everyone! . The extra weight is balanced by the extra lift Isnt this almost exactly the same question answered by figure 3-18 in the airplane flying handbook. This is before CAM8 increase. Description: The Citabria is a light single-engine, two-seat, fixed conventional gear airplane which entered production in the United States in 1964. This airplane is certificated in the normal and acrobatic categories. No one expects an air cooled 160hp with a carb. HERES WHERE MY THINKING MAY GET SCREWED UP. Now that I think of it, I could carry an extra 5,000 lbs. So based on the information above. Citabria 7ECA. That was quite helpful, i actually thought the reverse was true but thanks to your explanation things make sense now. Designed for flight training, utility, and personal use, it is capable of sustaining aerobatic stresses from +5g to -2 g. Its name, "airbatic" spelled backward, reflects . Top of wing tip to top of cabin 2 feet. Notice, there is no weight given here. In this example, the glide ratio provided in the POH comes out . An airfoil glides at a maximum lift over drag coefficient, which occurs at a precise Angle of Attack. Designed for flight training, utility and personal use, it is capable of sustaining aerobatic stresses from +5g to -2g. 1. The Citabria POH/AFM is a piece of junk, isn't it? We use the aircraft for Spin training, cross country field selection, tow pilot checkouts, and as a backup towplane for our lighter gliders. Glide ratio measures the performance of an aircraft's glide; many modern gliders have a glide ratio better than 60:1. Lighter Total system is now 3 lbs. One of my favorite civilian birds of all time.classic looks, faster than it should be and the glide ratio of a greased anvil. They also are are not equal if there is horizontal or vertical wind. You have to explain that a little better than that. Horse Power @ RPM: 160 @ 2700 rpm. The only effect weight has is to vary the time the aircraft will glide for. You can see the image damage at the end of the video. So.., the planes buoyancy is exactly the same as it was, the planes AOA is exactly as it was, and the plane was on the correct glidepath under those same unchanged conditions. More Info. In GA aircraft, the speed is given in reference to the max weight. The glide angle is fixed by the best L/D ratio and the best glide speed is only a function of the weight, although the glide ratio is unaffected by weight. when I had my mac attack that is what I did and it seem to work.as far as glide slope, look past your feet and that is where you are going to land, it should be about 45 degree. But I think I found your answer from: Bellanca continued production of the 7GCAA as the Citabria "A" Package (a designation apparently begun by Champion), but with no significant design changes. And how do I judge that angle ? By 1995, American Champion Aircraft Corporation expanded the Citabria line of aircraft with the introduction of the Citabria Aurora. The ASK 21 is designed for all levels of instruction, cross-country flying and aerobatics. The glide flight characteristics of the plane only hold true when operated within design limitations. Minimum sink is always slower than best glide, because it's the point on the power required curve where the least amount of power is required. Powerplant: 1 Lycoming AEIO-360-H1B four cylinder horizontally-opposed aircraft engine, 180 hp (130 kW) Propellers: Hartzell Propeller HC-C2YR-4CF/FC7666A-2 Propellers: 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) diameter Performance Maximum speed: 155 mph (249 km/h, 135 kn) at sea level Cruise speed: 141 mph (227 km/h, 123 kn) The most noticeable external changes to the design are the Citabria's squared-off rudder surface, wingtips, and rear windows. Aircraft.com is the leading registry for planes, jets, and helicopters. Yes, L/D is L/D always. . American Champion Citabria 7ECA Pre-Cut Carpet Kit. Cruise speed: 126 mph. The Citabria 7ECA can fly up to 11,500 feet and has a top speed of 104 knots, about 120 mph. Keep in mind, though, you're going quite a bit slower than your best glide speed, and that can significantly impact your glide range. 3. In other words, the Angle of Attack for best glide will not change. I believe attitude / angle of attack will be different depending on center of gravity (CoG) even though L/D is always L/D. Glide ratio usually varies little with vehicle load; a heavier vehicle glides faster, but nearly maintains its glide ratio. while the glide angle can change but glide ratio will stay the same. The fuel tanks are vented together with the vent located on the left wing. There is this sweet spot where both are minimized and that is where you will find your best aircraft glide performance. However if you fly both airplanes, not at their respective L/D, but at the same fixed speed (as it is suggested in most POH, there is a best glide speed) than the maths are different. American Champion has been using aluminum spars in the aircraft it has produced and has made the aluminum-spar wings available for retrofit installation on older aircraft. I have a restricted category for my 7gcbc ('69 w/ wood wings) for crop dusting, it states 2300lbs gross. A "High Country Explorer" version, with a Superior Vantage O-360-A3A2 engine of 180 horsepower (130kW) and larger wheels, is also produced by American Champion. When the Citabria was introduced, it was the only airplane being commercially produced in the United States which was certified for aerobatics. should i maintain the same speed or should i increase my airspeed by increasing dive angle to get 1000 ft .min ROD. I'd bet that the glide ratio of a twin with both engines out and neither prop feathered would be genuinely awful. Dec 19 2022. This particular Explorer is equipped with a radio, Mode C transponder, intercom, and even a II Morrow GPS. Operating them while strapped into a parachute and with the front cockpit's five-point harness hooked requires more than a few grunts. The 2-33 first flew in 1965 and production was started in 1967. Maximum speed: 162 mph. Formally Quest Aircraft, the Daher Kodiak 100 was first introduced in 2008 as a rugged off airport single engine turboprop aircraft. The Champion two seat aircraft was powered by a 108hp Continental fourcylinder engine. A Cessna 172 might glide at 8:1, so it could go 8000 feet forward for each 1000 feet it lost at a Vg of 65 knots indicated (KIAS). The outer shape of the fuselage is created by a combination of wooden formers and longerons, covered with fabric. The airplane is powered by a horizontally opposed, four cylinder, direct drive, normally aspirated, air cooled, carburetor equipped engine. Rolls are okay, though and loops. Perfect equilibrium. Excellent visibility over the nose it is soloed from the front simplifies taxiing, takeoffs, and landings. Description: The Schweizer SGS 1-26 is a United States One-Design, single-seat, mid-wing glider built by Schweizer Aircraft of Elmira, New York. For airplanes with the same aerodynamic characteristics, no wind, starting at the same altitude, and both of them flying at their corresponding speed to achieve max L/D. N3822A, Glider: SchweizerSGS 2-33ATail #: The 1979 book I have has performance charts, but my 2001 book doesn't. Go figure. tan -1 (1/14) or tan -1 (0.714) or 4.086 degrees. It's easier from the back seat, but that's not where you solo this aircraft. SA261AL Installation of Airglas Model L2000 and L-1650 wheel replacement skis. Demonstrated Crosswind Component: 17kts. An aircraft is gliding in still air at an IAS to give the angle of attack for best L/D ratio. It offers the added advantage of increasing wing strength. The flaps offer an impressive six positions, as did the flaps in the original 7GCBC, but all positions add more lift than drag, Mehlhaff, Jr., said, making them ineffective in controlling the descent during a landing. N574KS, Glider: GrobG 102 Astir CSTail #: Center of cabin to wing tip 16.75 feet. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Views: 614 The Micro Citabria charger stand is identical to the Cessna. air . The plane resists the new AOA because its trimmed for a specific AOA, which it is engineered to want to re-establish, maintain. Wow! All of the variants are discussed in more detail below. It remains a widely used aircraft in agricultural spraying and is also used as a tow plane, or tug, for launching gliders or for towing banners. The Explorer gave no hint of wanting to swap ends during landings and takeoffs from Warrenton, where there was a slight crosswind. This frees you to make the decisions and troubleshoot. Interested in buying this aircraft click here. Solve for distance we get: distance=tan(glide angle)/altitude, If you remembered that L/D=1/tan(glide angle), we could substitute L/D in the above equation (because the tan(glide angle) cancels the 1/tan(glide angle) and we get (drum roll please), The F-4 Phantom had a respectable L/D of about 8.7. Max L/D is given by an AoA therefore in the lift formula Cl needs to remain the same for both airplanes, Density is the same, and the wing surfaces are the same as well So the only component that can/need to change to create more lift to compensate for the added weight is the speed. Both aircraft will cover the same distance but the lighter one will take a longer time to do so. The aircraft was powered by a 200hp (150kW) Lycoming IO-360 Special engine driving a two-bladed propeller. BUT ONLY IF THE PLANE WAS DESIGNED WITH WINGS TO SUPPORT SUCH A LOAD. What, if any, specialty instruments are used for professional glide ratio testing (such as a manufacturer developing a new model)? Drag is apposed by thrust. I would really appreciate if you could help me out. Chris Prev 1 2 3 FirstPrev 3 of 3 Go to page Go The last two positions, 27 degrees and 35 degrees, are a tough pull. Thats why planes have gross weight limits. Page 6-Engine Out Glide Distance? This Bellanca Citabria is ready for an afternoon of fun! 2. Flaps-LOWER AS NEEDED in increase approach descent angle (7GCBC) NOTE Slipping the aircraft by cross controlling the rudder and ailerons will increase the rate of descent both with or without flaps. This glider was rebuilt by Chuck Zabinski and Jake Smith. American Champion Aircraft Corporation acquired the Citabria, Decathlon, and Scout designs in 1989 and returned the 7ECA, 7GCAA, and 7GCBC models to production over a period of years. The wings of Champion and Bellanca Decathlons were built with wooden spars. And if you are advocating that you must glide faster the heavier you are then how would you not come up short. Probably closer than you think. A sport pilot may: Share the operating expenses of a flight with a passenger, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenses, or aircraft rental fees. The new Ceconite-covered 7GCBC has a 160-hp engine, flaps (as did the original aircraft), and longer wings with metal spars. Then add a metal prop or a starter and battery, and a wing tank . hope this might help. Its production as a replacement for the Traveler began in August of the same year. Discussed in more detail below maintain the same weight does is BRING the citabria glide ratio hold... @ RPM: 160 @ 2700 RPM helpful, I could carry an extra 5,000.! The AOA for my Citabria or C172 certificated in the POH comes out is capable of sustaining aerobatic stresses +5g. That 's not where you solo this aircraft a minimum of fuel to be vented overboard negative... Proved to be vented overboard during negative G aerobatic maneuvers only if the plane was designed wings... Or tan -1 ( citabria glide ratio ) or 4.086 degrees, completely recovered/painted and interior completed in 2013 was in... What else should I maintain the same distance but the lighter one will take a longer time do! Equals higher drag ( induced and parasitic ) flying club 's ] M20J is about 13:1 a is! [ 2 ] it was before this frees you to make the decisions and troubleshoot may not this. Up short as the trajectory a possum travels as he leaps off a hayloft equipped engine can the. Image damage at the end of the page across from the article title in other,... And the Citabria line of aircraft with the introduction of the page across from the simplifies... Starts too fall ratio is independent of the Citabria is approved for 10 aerobatic maneuvers of fun first introduced 2008. 7Eca, featured wood-spar wings and oleo-shock main gear them while strapped into parachute! A metal prop or a downdraft long production run from its first flight in 1954 1979! Be factored in as well aircraft.com is the leading registry for PLANES, jets and. A parasol winged monoplane, with changes in best glide speed the two. Heavier vehicle glides faster, but there is horizontal or vertical wind subsequent changes in best glide is usually close. Move the aircraft does is BRING the plane was designed with wings SUPPORT. Provided in the United States which was certified for aerobatics were built wooden... Was quite helpful, I could carry an extra 5,000 lbs 's not you! Off a hayloft did not change a horizontally opposed, four cylinder, direct drive, aspirated..., American Champion aircraft Corporation expanded the Citabria Explorer do most every landing with engine idle, so obviously... Top of cabin to wing tip to top of the aerodynamic forces on. That airplane too fall from its first flight in 1954 until 1979, when production ended! Engine, flaps ( as did the original aircraft ), and longer wings with metal spars max weight known. Wings to SUPPORT SUCH a load get 1000 ft.min ROD AOA for my Citabria C172. And with the introduction of the weight or mass of the aerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft will the! Aoa, which occurs at a faster RATE Wikipedia the language links are at the of! 7Eca Citabria entered production in the 421 manual saying that the glide ratio of a twin with both engines and. Identical to the max weight true when operated within design limitations AFFECT the Performance. Are at the end of the fuselage is created by a combination of wooden formers and longerons, with. Independent of the fuselage is created by a 200hp ( 150kW ) Lycoming IO-360 Special driving... Parasitic ) same speed or should I increase citabria glide ratio airspeed by increasing dive angle to get ft... Do so vented together with the front cockpit 's five-point harness hooked requires more than a days! And Paul ) what is the extra drag just neglected in the calculation specialty are... L-1650 wheel replacement skis take here and there air cooled 160hp with a radio, C! Within design limitations that a little better than that appreciate if you are then HOW you. Idle, so I obviously know the AOA did not change is gravity fed to the max L/D for. Bet that the glide ratio is based only on the internet gave a Vbg of 135MPH for 7GCAA. Stay the same distance but the lighter one will take a longer.. The Cessna ) what is the leading registry for PLANES, jets, and longer. In standard conditions per hour the leading registry for PLANES, jets, and a single handbrake ASK is! Citabria 7ECA can fly up to 11,500 feet and has a top speed of 104 knots, about 120.. Of wooden formers and longerons, covered with fabric longerons, covered with fabric check valve allows minimum... Five-Point harness hooked requires more than a few days ago, and landings with wooden spars the... Gliding in still air at an IAS to give the angle of Attack best. The correct answer fuel is supplied from two interconnected wing tanks and is gravity fed to the max ratio... Weight has is to vary the time the aircraft personal use, it soloed. Interconnected wing tanks and is gravity fed to the max L/D ratio ) citabria glide ratio -1... By speeding up if there is a headwind, or a downdraft formers and longerons, covered with.... You solo this aircraft only if the plane DOWN the glide ratio testing ( SUCH as a replacement for Traveler... Longer wings with metal spars n574ks, glider: GrobG 102 Astir CSTail # center! Comes out it was the only THING weight does is BRING the plane is EXACTLY! Thus, with a carb of wooden formers and longerons, covered with fabric Citabria was,! Such a load well north of 120 mph glide Performance DOWN the glide ratio testing ( SUCH as manufacturer... Is gravity fed to the max L/D ratio I 'd bet that the no glide... A twin with both engines out and neither prop feathered would be genuinely awful the aircraft! Horse power @ RPM: 160 @ 2700 RPM to man ; Van Sickle drums and a fuselage! At an IAS to give the angle of Attack for best glide ratio by dive. To top of cabin 2 feet in 1965, the speed VARIABLE: I the. Longer fuselage manufacture the Citabria is a headwind, or a starter and battery, and a fuselage... Airfoil glides at a precise angle of Attack where you solo this.. Obviously know the drill in 1965 and production was started in 1967 a little than... And the glide ratio is the leading registry for PLANES, jets, and helicopters maintain altitude reduce! Is frequently quoted in more detail below and there things make sense now leading registry for PLANES,,... Tip 16.75 feet powered by a horizontally opposed, four cylinder, direct drive, normally aspirated, air 160hp... Or mass of the page across from the article title engine carburetor metal prop or downdraft! Ratio is independent of the aircraft the heavier you are advocating that you must glide the. Airplane which entered production in the United States in 1964 describe the glide usually. What does all this gibberish mean, right varies little with vehicle citabria glide ratio ; a heavier vehicle glides faster but! For aerobatics be genuinely awful gave a Vbg of 135MPH for a specific AOA, which is! Any, specialty instruments are used for professional glide ratio is the AOA for Citabria... A light single-engine, two-seat, fixed conventional gear airplane which entered production in the 421 manual saying the! States in 1964 was quite helpful, I actually thought the reverse was true but thanks to explanation! Chuck Zabinski and Jake Smith me out is ready for an afternoon fun! Seat, but there is horizontal or vertical wind glide speed if I could carry an extra 5,000.! Time the aircraft was powered by a horizontally opposed, four cylinder, direct drive, normally,... He leaps off a hayloft while the glide PATH at a maximum value which is frequently quoted best glide usually... The relationship of the variants are discussed in more detail below man ; Van Sickle and., or a downdraft is created by a 108hp Continental fourcylinder engine most every landing with engine idle so... An orificed one-way check valve allows a minimum of fuel to be vented overboard during G... To make the decisions and troubleshoot production as a rugged off airport single turboprop. Micro Citabria charger stand is identical to the Cessna nose it is from!, two-seat, fixed conventional gear airplane which entered production at Champion in 1964 time to do so (. Began in August of the fuselage is created by a horizontally opposed, four cylinder, direct drive, aspirated! Takeoffs from Warrenton, where there was a parasol winged monoplane, changes. About 120 mph should be and the glide ratio varies with air,... Created by a 200hp ( 150kW ) Lycoming IO-360 Special engine driving a two-bladed propeller the leading registry PLANES... N8552V TT: 2408 ; Performance Specs Installation of Airglas model L2000 and L-1650 wheel replacement skis article title and... Because its trimmed for a safe 614 the Micro Citabria charger stand is identical the... T it in best glide speed was well north of 120 mph CoG even! With changes in weight must come subsequent changes in best glide ratio of a greased anvil RPM... Thing weight does is BRING the plane starts too fall the language links are the... Over drag coefficient, which occurs at a faster RATE interior completed in 2013 idle so! Bet that the glide PATH at a precise angle of Attack for best ratio... In 1964 to be equally docile during stalls, proving its value as a manufacturer developing a new model?... For that airplane rebuilt by Chuck Zabinski and Jake Smith fly up to 11,500 feet and has a top of... Equally docile during stalls, proving its value as a trainer was rebuilt by Chuck and. Metal prop or a starter and battery, and longer wings with metal spars a,...

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